The Potentiality of Madre de Cacao (Gliricidiasepium) Leaf Extract as anAntibacterial Agent against Staphylococcus aureus
By: Rogelio D. Almenario; Jolina D. Arciaga;Nikka E. Buñag; Sandra Rose D. Pedrigala;Gilbert E. Villegas;Mark Dennis L. Viñas
The experiment was conducted in Biology laboratory at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa, NBP, Resevation Poblacion Muntinlupa City from the 4th of March 2016. The main objective of the study was to determine the potentiality of Madre de Cacao leaf extract as antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extract was divided into four different concentrations and control (distilled water) as the independent variables. It aims to identify the significant difference in zone of inhibition of the various concentrations. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly affected by various concentrations. The highest the concentration, the highest the inhibition and the lowest the concentration, the lowest the inhibition. The data were obtained through statistical treatment using one-way ANOVA.It was concluded that the prevention of growth of the test specimen in different concentrations of Madre de Cacao leaf extract has the potential as antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus.
KEYWORDS: Madre de Cacao, Leaf Extract, Antibacterial Agent, Staphylococcus aureus
Impact of Simulated Acid Rain (Sar) To The Germination And Seedling Growth of Vigna Radiata (Mung Bean)
By: Marycris C. Acabado;Jocelyn B. Aragon; Eduard N. Bacaycay;Krista Lyn Mae E. Garcia; Margareth Joy S. Panti; Angel D. Pili
Researchers used the main component of acid rain which is Nitric and Sulfuric acid to manipulate the pH level of each treatment. Furthermore, researchers specified the treatments at pH 4, 5, 6 and 7. In conducting the experiment, the researchers focused on the measurement of the seed’s radicle length in assessing the impact of SAR to the germination of V.radiata seeds while measurement of leaf width, leaf length, root length and the shoot length for the seedling growth of V. radiata parameters such is cellular growth and division. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of Simulated Acid Rain (SAR) to the germination and seedling growth of Vigna radiate.Researchers used Vignaradiata as test species. In preparing the SAR treatments, the researchers diluted pure concentration of each acid to 1 Normality. Moreover, the experimental design was consisted of 2 set-ups namely germination and seedling growth. In the germination set-up, the researchers measured the radicle length of the seeds to determine the impact of SAR treatment. In the seedling growth set-up, the researchers specified the measurement of the leaf width, leaf length, shoot length and root length as parameters to determine the impact of SAR treatment to V. radiata seedlings.The SAR treatment induced negative effect both in germination and seedling growth of Vignaradiata. In germination, the control treatment got the highest consistent growth of Mung bean rather than the other SAR treatments. However, in 24 and 48 hours, Mung bean growth in SAR treatment is highest than the control because acid rain can cause scarification in which SAR treatment can make seed coat become thinner causing the radicle can easily penetrate it outside. Moreover, acid rain can possible has an positive effect because in Nitric Acid treatments, Mung bean growth is higher in 24 to 48 hours. It might be because Nitric acid can be a source of nitrogen for plants nutrients.In seedling growth set-up, SAR treatments induced also negative effect. It has been observed that the control got the highest growth of Mung bean in 24 to 120 hours in different parameters such as leaf length, leaf width, shoot length and root length rather than the other treatments.
The Physico-Chemical Water Components Of Jamboree Lake inMuntinlupa City: An Analysis
By: Alcaraz, AngelynN.;Arciaga, Jeane San Cel T.; Gamba, Maria JolinaB.;Pacilan, Nomer Jr. A.
The researchers studied the physico-chemical parameters of water in Jamboree Lake such as the color, odor, pH, temperature, total hardness, turbidity and level of heavy metals contamination in the Lake. To know the relationship between the physical and chemical parameters of water in three different locations. This study provided additional information to certain researchers that deals with the Lake’s water analysis. This research focused on the physico-chemical analysis of water in the Lake. The study reflected on the level of the heavy metal contamination in the Jamboree Lake. The study helped the researchers collect a certain amount of water from the different parts of the Jamboree Lake for the physico-chemical analysis of its water. The researchers used the Descriptive Research Design. Although this study is Descriptive, the researchers still employed laboratory set up wherein the environment can entirely fulfill the necessities of the research for the physical and chemical parameters. The researchers used the Grab or Catch Sampling technique in this study wherein, the sample was collected at a particular time and place that represents the composition of the source at that particular point and time. In addition, this sampling technique was used for the physico-chemical analysis of water. In this case, the researchers selected the physical parameters which includes the color, odor, pH, and temperature and the chemical parameters which includes the heavy metals, turbidity and total hardness of the water in Jamboree Lake. The study revealed that there is no significant difference among the heavy metal contamination of water in terms of three locations which are the Influent, Center and Effluent.The researchers used the Descriptive Research Design. Although this study is Descriptive, the researchers still employed laboratory set up wherein the environment can entirely fulfill the necessities of the research for the physical and chemical parameters. They conformed to the laboratory procedures that were valid and congregated with the laboratory standards compulsory in the study. A certain amount of water for the rationale of studying the physico-chemical analysis of the water in the Jamboree Lake in Muntinlupa City was be considered.The researchers used the Grab or Catch Sampling technique in this study wherein, the sample was collected at a particular time and place that represents the composition of the source at that particular point and time.The Physical Parameters of water in the Jamboree Lake in the three different locations (Influent, Center and Effluent) appeared yellow, smells musty, has 5.90 level of pH in Effluent which is most corrosive and has 27° C in Influent.The Chemical Parameters of water in the Jamboree Lake in the three different locations (Influent, Center and Effluent) in terms of Total Hardness obtained in the Influent deputes a 50.69 value, the level of Turbidity in the Influent with 27.1, the presence of Heavy metals contaminations appeared that the water at the Center of the Lake has the highest level of Cadmium with 0.052. Another heavy metal is the level of Chromium obtained to the Influent with 0.372 which is the highest level of contamination. Lastly, level of Zinc in the Effluent has the highest with 12.5.
KEYWORDS: Physico-Chemical Water,Jamboree Lake
Allelopathic Effects ofthe Crude Aqueous Extract Of SwieteniaMacrophylla(Mahogany Tree) Leaves On The Germination ofVignaRadiata(Mung Bean) And Raphanus Sativum(Radish)Seeds
By: MarilexR.Bolima;Sharmaine G. Bud-Oy;Renejoyce T. Cruz; Barbie M. Kibasen;Reynalyn M. Macarubbo;Aimee S. Pascua
In particular, mahogany is considered a major invasive plant species in the logged-over forest in the Philippines (Baguinon et al., 2005). The leaves of mahogany trees are rarely browsed by animals. When they fall upon abscission, they form a thick mat on the floor which prevents seeds, including its own from having contact with the soil. This hinders seed germination. The reddish leaves can be rich in tannin and decompose slowly. In addition, it is possible that mahogany retards the growth of other plants through allelopathy (Baguinon et al., 2005).Swieteniamacrophylla is present in Muntinlupa City, most notably at the Sunken Garden. The researchers used Mung bean and radish seeds as test organisms. Aside from being affordable, bothplays an important role in crop production in the Philippines. Mung bean is proven to have germination growth at a short period of time, while radish has 60 days of germination growth (Sinohin&Quaterno, 2002). Consequently, the researchers aim to find out the allelopathic effects of the crude aqueous extract of Swieteniamacrophylla on the germination of Vigna radiate and Raphanussativum seeds.The researchers used experimental method in the assessment of theAllelopathic effects of crude aqueous extract of Swieteniamacrophylla leaves on the germination particularly on Mung bean (Vignaradiata) and Radish (Raphanussativum) seeds. The utilization of this method clearly establishes cause and effect relationship between two or more variables (Quinn &Keough, 2002). The researcher collected data through observation and measurement of specified parameters. The current study utilized a fully randomized design with 12 hours interval per measurement of parameter with respect to the specified time in each set-up. The researchers adapted the method of using activated carbon to remove the allelochemicals or secondary metabolites on crude extract of S. macrophylladried leaves (Rua, et al., 2008).The concentrations with activated carbon gave a positive effect in the test plants that the researchers utilized. It boosts the mean germination time and increased the radical length of each trials. On the other hand, the plants treated without activated carbon were shorter and slower in mean germination time compared to the extract treated with activated carbon. This study gained a positive and negative Allelopathic effects of the crude aqueous extract of Swieteniamacrophylla among the test plants. The researchers concluded that the results of the experiment support the given hypotheses concur with the past experiment concluded in the field of allelopathy.
Utilization of Indigenous Materials as Water Filtration System in Filtering Water from Jamboree Lake, NBP Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
By: Chavez, Hernan A.;Fermo, Jeffrey Faith F; GailaJeruner M.;Torres, John Renz A.
The study concentrates on determining the filtering capacity of the different water filter set ups: three layers, five layers and the seven layers in terms of the following parameters: Nitrate, Coliform Content, pH level and Turbidity. The selected indigenous materials utilized were the following: cotton, charcoal/ activated carbon, calcium carbonate, sand, ceramics, polyester Fiber, pebbles. Ultimately the aim of the development of this study in utilizing selected indigenous materials for filtration system should be operated with minimum energy, maintenance, cost effective, environmental friendly, implementable with ease and can be developed from local artisans. This will subsequently inspire the community of Muntinlupa City to put hygiene into habit and will help in the social and economic growth of the city.The study conducted used the experimental design, particularly pre-test and posttest. Thispre-test and post-test design utilized by the researcher are able to know how much harmful or hazardous materials are removed after the filtration process by the different set-ups. At the end of this research, the researchers are expected to identify the filtering capacity of the different set-ups after the laboratory analysis and the results were synthesized for the development of the study.This study used the F-test One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). This formula was used in comparing two or more independent groups. It is computed by comparing the mean variance which is existing between two sources of variation in asset of data: the between columns and within columns. The ratio between means sum of squares between columns and within columns yields the value of F.
KEYWORDS:Utilization,Indigenous Materials, Water Filtration System, Filtering, Water, Jamboree Lake,